Heroin
What is heroin?
Heroin is an opioid drug made from morphine, a natural substance taken from the seed pod of the various opium poppy plants grown in Southeast and Southwest Asia, Mexico, and Colombia. Heroin can be a white or brown powder, or a black sticky substance known as black tar heroin.
How do people use heroin?
People inject, sniff, snort, or smoke heroin. Some people mix heroin with crack cocaine, a practice called speedballing.
What are the effects of heroin?
Heroin enters the brain rapidly and binds to opioid receptors on cells located in many areas, especially those involved in feelings of pain and pleasure and in controlling heart rate, sleeping, and breathing.
Short-Term Effects
People who use heroin report feeling a "rush" (a surge of pleasure, or euphoria). However, there are other common effects, including:
dry mouth
warm flushing of the skin
heavy feeling in the arms and legs
nausea and vomiting
severe itching
clouded mental functioning
going "on the nod," a back-and-forth state of being conscious and semiconscious
Long-Term Effects
Injection Drug Use, HIV, and Hepatitis People who inject drugs such as heroin are at high risk of contracting the HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) virus. These diseases are transmitted through contact with blood or other bodily fluids, which can occur when sharing needles or other injection drug use equipment. HCV is the most common bloodborne infection in the Unites States. HIV (and less often HCV) can also be contracted during unprotected sex, which drug use makes more likely. Read more about the connection between heroin and these disease
People who use heroin over the long term may develop:
insomnia
collapsed veins for people who inject the drug
damaged tissue inside the nose for people who sniff or snort it
infection of the heart lining and valves
abscesses (swollen tissue filled with pus)
constipation and stomach cramping
liver and kidney disease
lung complications, including pneumonia
mental disorders such as depression and antisocial personality disorder
sexual dysfunction for men
irregular menstrual cycles for women
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